The Economic Outlook Group"in the news"
| I 2020 | II 2020 | III 2020 | IV 2020 | I 2021 | II 2021 | III 2021 | IV 2021 | I 2022 | II 2022 | III 2022 | IV 2022 | I 2023 | II 2023 | III 2023 | IV 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP): | ||||||||||||||||
| % | -5.0 | --31.4 | 33.4 | 4.3 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 2.1 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Personal Consumption Expenditures: | ||||||||||||||||
| PCE % | -6.9 | -33.2 | 41.0 | 2.3 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Inflation, end of period, year-over-year: | ||||||||||||||||
| CPI % | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
| Unemployment Rate (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| % | 4.4 | 11.1 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
| Non-farm Payrolls, monthly avg. thousand: | ||||||||||||||||
| -303 | -4,427 | 1,322 | 213 | 513 | 615 | 629 | 475 | 550 | 625 | 865 | 540 | 385 | 225 | 235 | 250 | |
| Treasury 10-yr Note Yield % (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.91 | 1.75 | 1.44 | 1.52 | 1.60 | 1.68 | 1.70 | 1.75 | 2.05 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.26 | 2.35 | |
| Federal funds rate % (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 1.13 | 1.38 | 1.63 | |
| Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | -3.5 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 2.6 |
| Eurozone | 1.7 | 1.4 | -0.9 | -0.2 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 | -6.7 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 2.2 |
| United Kingdom | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | -9.8 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 2.9 |
| Japan | 4.6 | -0.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -4.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| Canada | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | -5.3 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 2.7 |
| India | 8.4 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 4.8 | -8.2 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 6.7 |
| China | 10.5 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| Brazil | 7.5 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.1 | -3.5 | -3.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | -4.4 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 |
| Mexico | 5.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | -0.1 | -8.4 | 5.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Australia | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 1.8 | -1.1 | 4.8 | 3.1 | 2.3 |
| Russia | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | -2.8 | -0.2 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1.2 | -2.9 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
| World | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | --3.8 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 3.6 |
| End 2008 | End 2009 | End 2010 | End 2011 | End 2012 | End 2013 | End 2014 | End 2015 | End 2016 | End 2017 | End 2018 | End 2019 | End 2020 | End 2021 | End 2022 | End 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD/Yen | 91 | 93 | 81 | 77 | 87 | 105 | 119 | 120 | 117 | 113 | 110 | 109 | 104 | 114 | 107 | 104 |
| Euro/USD | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.34 | 1.29 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.22 |
| End 2008 | End 2009 | End 2010 | End 2011 | End 2012 | End 2013 | End 2014 | End 2015 | End 2016 | End 2017 | End 2018 | End 2019 | End 2020 | End 2021 | End 2022 | End 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude oil per barrel | 46 | 78 | 95 | 107 | 111 | 111 | 58 | 38 | 49 | 67 | 54 | 67 | 52 | 79 | 67 | 60 |
| Gasoline | 1.61 | 2.57 | 3.00 | 3.27 | 3.30 | 3.32 | 2.26 | 2.00 | 2.31 | 2.47 | 2.26 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 3.29 | 2.65 | 2.60 |
| PROBABILITY | U.S. |
|---|---|
| HIGH | Congress to pass the full $1 trillion physical infrastructure bill in 4Q 2021. |
| Moderate | No chance of Senate Democratic passage for $3.5 trillion American Families Plan. Will require massive haircut. |
| HIGH | Inflation (CPI) to drop back to 2.5% to 3% late 2022 as supply chains improve, oil prices slip and wage hikes level off. |
| Moderate | Treasury 10-yr. yields to hover between 1.5% to 1.7% in IVQ 2021 even as the Fed plans to scale back asset purchases. |
| HIGH | Covid-19 becomes an endemic. Low vaccination rates in Africa & parts of Asia become breeding grounds for new variants. |
| HIGH | Supply chain bottlenecks begin to ease by mid-2022. Increase in supply of goods helps cool inflation pressures. |
| FOREIGN | |
| HIGH | Beijing fortifies naval presence in SCS; further erodes autonomy in Hong Kong and ramps up threats against Taiwan. |
| HIGH | Biden orders greater US naval presence in SCS to defend International Law of the Sea and support regional allies. |
| HIGH | US - Russian tensions approach cold war levels over Moscow's cyberattacks, extrajudicial killings and Ukraine. |
| Moderate | A cyber World War is underway; may result in periodic disruptions to global financial networks and power grids. |
| HIGH | Iran's new hard-line president secretly backs policy to produce enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon. |
| Moderate | Economies of US & Europe to recover in 2022; but parts of Asia, Africa & South America will lag in global growth. |
| HIGH | US resets trade relations with Europe. But Biden will retain most of Trump's hard line approach to China. |