The Economic Outlook Group"in the news"
| I 2020 | II 2020 | III 2020 | IV 2020 | I 2021 | II 2021 | III 2021 | IV 2021 | I 2022 | II 2022 | III 2022 | IV 2022 | I 2023 | II 2023 | III 2023 | IV 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP): | ||||||||||||||||
| % | -5.0 | --31.4 | 33.4 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 |
| Personal Consumption Expenditures: | ||||||||||||||||
| PCE % | -6.9 | -33.2 | 41.0 | 2.3 | 11.3 | 13.9 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 3.5 |
| Inflation, end of period, year-over-year: | ||||||||||||||||
| CPI % | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Unemployment Rate (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| % | 4.4 | 11.1 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| Non-farm Payrolls, monthly avg. thousand: | ||||||||||||||||
| -303 | -4,427 | 1,322 | 213 | 513 | 568 | 650 | 875 | 524 | 425 | 265 | 240 | 185 | 225 | 235 | 250 | |
| Treasury 10-yr Note Yield % (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.91 | 1.75 | 1.51 | 1.65 | 1.85 | 1.98 | 2.05 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.18 | 2.22 | 2.36 | 2.40 | |
| Federal funds rate % (end of period): | ||||||||||||||||
| 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 1.13 | |
| Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | -3.5 | 7.2 | 4.6 | 3.1 |
| Eurozone | 1.7 | 1.4 | -0.9 | -0.2 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 | -6.7 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 2.0 |
| United Kingdom | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | -9.8 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 3.1 |
| Japan | 4.6 | -0.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -4.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| Canada | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | -5.4 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
| India | 8.4 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 4.8 | -8.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.7 |
| China | 10.5 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
| Brazil | 7.5 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.1 | -3.5 | -3.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | -4.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.4 |
| Mexico | 5.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | -0.1 | -8.4 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
| Australia | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 1.8 | -1.1 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 2.3 |
| Russia | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | -2.8 | -0.2 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1.2 | -2.9 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
| World | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | --3.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| End 2008 | End 2009 | End 2010 | End 2011 | End 2012 | End 2013 | End 2014 | End 2015 | End 2016 | End 2017 | End 2018 | End 2019 | End 2020 | End 2021 | End 2022 | End 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD/Yen | 91 | 93 | 81 | 77 | 87 | 105 | 119 | 120 | 117 | 113 | 110 | 109 | 104 | 112 | 106 | 102 |
| Euro/USD | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.34 | 1.29 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.26 |
| End 2008 | End 2009 | End 2010 | End 2011 | End 2012 | End 2013 | End 2014 | End 2015 | End 2016 | End 2017 | End 2018 | End 2019 | End 2020 | End 2021 | End 2022 | End 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude oil per barrel | 46 | 78 | 95 | 107 | 111 | 111 | 58 | 38 | 49 | 67 | 54 | 67 | 52 | 60 | 50 | 48 |
| Gasoline | 1.61 | 2.57 | 3.00 | 3.27 | 3.30 | 3.32 | 2.26 | 2.00 | 2.31 | 2.47 | 2.26 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 2.46 | 2.20 | 2.17 |
| PROBABILITY | U.S. |
|---|---|
| HIGH | Congress to pass smaller $1.0 - $1.5 trillion infrastructure plan late 2021. |
| HIGH | Pres. Biden's tax increase proposals to be scaled down and is expected to pass the Senate via reconciliation. |
| HIGH | The fiscal stimulus, vaccinations and consumer spending to produce a "temporary pop" in inflation in 2021. |
| Moderate | Treasury 10-yr. yields to hover between 1.5% to 1.8% in 2021, with inflation (CPI) in the 1.7% to 2.7% range. |
| HIGH | The Fed will gradually scale back asset purchases in IVQ 2021 as new economic cycle takes hold. |
| Moderate | Bottlenecks in US supply chains should begin to clear in second half of 2021. |
| FOREIGN | |
| HIGH | Beijing fortifies naval presence in SCS, further erodes autonomy in Hong Kong and increases threats against Taiwan. |
| HIGH | Biden orders more visible US naval presence in SCS to support allies and defend International Law of the Sea. |
| HIGH | US - Russian tensions approach cold war levels over Moscow's cyberattacks, extrajudicial killings and Ukraine. |
| Moderate | Cyber World War underway; may result in periodic disruptions to global financial networks and power grids. |
| HIGH | Though JCPOA talks resume, Iran secretly committed to produce enough fissile material for nuclear weapon. |
| Moderate | Europe's 2021 economic outlook improves, but Asia's recovery has been rattled by new outbreaks of Covid variants. |
| HIGH | Biden to reset trade relations with Europe, but is in no rush to reverse tariffs placed on Chinese imports. |